PROXY WARS IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND TÜRKİYE’S STRATEGIC POSITION

Abstract

This study examines Türkiye's strategic role in proxy wars across the Middle East, with a focus on Syria, Libya, and Yemen. By analyzing military interventions, diplomatic initiatives, and alliances, the research explores how Türkiye navigates complex regional dynamics involving Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar. Employing a qualitative methodology, the study relies on open-source reports, policy documents, and academic literature to identify patterns of engagement, strategic objectives, and influence mechanisms. Findings indicate that Türkiye’s approach integrates military support, diplomatic negotiation, and soft power, aiming to expand regional influence while balancing relations with competing actors. In Syria, Türkiye has combined direct military action with support for opposition groups and negotiation with regional and international stakeholders. In Libya, involvement has centered on supporting the Government of National Accord (GNA) and leveraging drone warfare to project power. In Yemen, Türkiye has exercised limited direct intervention but remains engaged through Gulf alliances and humanitarian diplomacy. Challenges include shifting alliances, sectarian tensions, and international scrutiny. The study concludes that Türkiye’s strategic positioning reflects a combination of opportunity-driven and constraint-driven decision-making. Policy implications emphasize the need for coherent regional strategies, careful calibration of military engagement, and multilateral diplomatic efforts to enhance stability. The research contributes to understanding modern proxy conflicts and Türkiye’s evolving foreign policy in a multipolar, fragmented regional environment.